This course is about the way light interacts with solids. The aim is to give you a broad and up-to-date perspective on the optics of solids, and to introduce you to exciting present-day research and engineering topics in optoelectronics, using this years edition of a well-written book. Fundamental principles of absorption, reflection, luminescence and light scattering will be discussed for a wide range of materials, including crystalline insulators and semiconductors, glasses, metals and molecular materials. Classical and quantum models are used where appropriate, and theory goes hand in hand with discussions of experiments and modern applications. Among the topics introduces are quantum wells and dots, plasmonics and metamaterials, and color centers.
Furthermore, this course gives a good background (but is not a prerequisite) for Nanophotonics and Quantum Optics, and is completed by the course Applied Photonics that focuses on lasers and optical detectors.
Læringsmål:
En studerende, der fuldt ud har opfyldt kursets mål, vil kunne:
Derive the Kramers-Kronig relations for linear dielectric response
Interpret band structure diagrams of semiconductors and relate them to optical properties
Explain the concept of an exciton, the difference between Wannier-Mott and Frenkel excitons, and give examples
describe different types of luminescence and explain the basics of LEDs and diode lasers
explain what is quantum confinement, and explain the differences in optical properties of structures confined in 1D, 2D and 3D. Discuss applications of quantum wells and dots
analyze how well the Drude model describes the measured reflectivity of a metal, explain limitations of the model. Describe the properties of surface plasmon polaritons
explain what is a luminescence center, describe several types, give examples of their occurrence in nature and their use in optoelectronic devices
explain how infrared spectra are influenced by phonons, and discuss Brillouin and Raman light scattering
calculate and solve exercises directly related to the presented optical theory of solids, thereby showing feeling for the typical length, frequency and time scales involved
work actively both individually and in small groups, and occasionaly present his/her solution of problems to all participants
Kursusindhold:
Electromagnetism in dielectrics and metals, complex refractive index, Kramers-Kronig relations, classification of optical materials, absorption, dipole oscillator model of a solid, dispersion, anisotropy, chirality. Semiconductors, band structure, interband transitions in direct and indirect gap materials, spin injection, photodetectors. Wannier-Mott and Frenkel excitons. Luminescense, photoluminescence, electroluminiscence, basics of LEDs and diode lasers. Quantum confinement, quantum wells, quantum well excitons and emission. Quantum dots as artificial atoms, basics of their synthesis and optical properties. Drude model for metals and doped semiconductors. Metals: free-carrier reflectivity, interband transitions, plasmons, basics of surface plasmon polaritons and negative refraction. Luminescence centers, paramagnetic ions and color centers, NV centers in diamond. Phonons, infrared-active phonons, phonon polaritons, Raman and Brillouin scattering.
Litteratur:
Mark Fox, Optical Properties of Solids, 2nd Edition (Oxford University Press, 2010) ISBN: 978-0-19-957337-0 Some extra material on focus topics will be handed out.
